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Published
2025-09-30
Section
Articles
How to Cite
Applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Environmental Monitoring and Pollution Control
Muhammad Saad Raza
Lecturer, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology (UET), Lahore, Pakistan
Sana Iftikhar
Research Scientist, National Centre for Big Data and Cloud Computing (NCBC), NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Keywords: IoT, environmental monitoring, air pollution, water quality, smart cities, edge computing, LoRaWAN
Abstract
Smart environmental monitoring has become essential for addressing complex pollution challenges in rapidly urbanizing regions. The Internet of Things (IoT) enables low-cost, distributed sensing of air, water, and soil quality through interconnected sensor nodes, gateways, and cloud/edge analytics. By integrating real-time monitoring with automated control mechanisms—such as smart ventilation, traffic flow optimization, industrial compliance alerts, and water treatment feedback loops—IoT systems can reduce response time, improve regulatory enforcement, and support public health decision-making. This article reviews key IoT applications in pollution control, including urban air-quality sensing, industrial emissions monitoring, smart waste management, and water pollution detection. It also discusses enabling technologies (LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, edge AI), data calibration and quality assurance methods, and governance issues such as privacy, interoperability, and sustainability of deployments. Finally, the paper proposes practical outlines for implementation in resource-constrained contexts, emphasizing scalable architectures, citizen dashboards, and evidence-based policy integration.
