Global Journal of Multidisciplinary and Applied Sciences

Secure Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

Sana Naseem

Department of Computer Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Keywords: wireless sensor networks, routing, security, cryptography, energy efficiency

Abstract

Secure routing protocols are essential in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to ensure reliable communication and protect against malicious attacks. Due to the open and distributed nature of WSNs, these networks are prone to threats such as sinkhole, Sybil, wormhole, and selective forwarding attacks. Efficient routing must balance between energy efficiency, data integrity, and secure key management. This article explores the evolution of secure routing mechanisms and the integration of cryptographic models to enhance trust and robustness in sensor node communication.