Global Journal of Multidisciplinary and Applied Sciences

Gendered Labor Markets: A Comparative Study of Workplace Inequalities in Emerging Economies

Ayesha Mirza

Department of Sociology, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

Keywords: gender inequality, labor markets, wage gap, occupational segregation, emerging economies

Abstract

This paper examines how gender shapes labor market outcomes in emerging economies, focusing on workplace inequalities across sectors, pay scales, job security, and career progression. Through a comparative analysis of three emerging economies (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) using secondary laborforce data, employer surveys, and desklevel literature review, the study identifies persistent gender gaps in employment rates, wage parity, and leadership representation. Findings show that women face structural barriers such as occupational segregation, wage discrimination, limited access to stable employment, and underrepresentation in managerial positions. The paper argues that without targeted policy interventions, gendered labor inequalities will persist, undermining economic growth and social equity. The study concludes with policy recommendations to enhance gender equality in the labor market of emerging economies.